Publications

The HFM-361 Symposium on Mitigating and Responding to Cognitive Warfare, held in Madrid in November 2023, gathered international experts to address the multifaceted challenges of cognitive warfare. It covered theoretical aspects to practical applications in military and civilian contexts across five categories. The Keynotes category provided strategic perspectives on cognitive warfare, emphasizing its importance within international security and defense. The papers in the second category focused on understanding and conceptualizing cognitive warfare, exploring its theoretical frameworks and emergence as a critical aspect of modern conflict and security strategies. The third category examined the technological and societal aspects of cognitive warfare, highlighting the dual role of technology as both a tool and a target. The fourth category discussed strategies and models for dealing with cognitive warfare, including the use of trust and scenarios for countermeasures. The final category focused on practical studies, such as field experiments. The symposium emphasized the need for further research, ethical considerations of emerging technologies, and the development of effective strategies to mitigate and respond to cognitive warfare.